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Vol. 49    January, 2005


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Happy New Year

Maybe this will be the year that I lose that five pounds, remember my mother-in-law’s birthday, and notice my husband’s haircuts. Or maybe not. As I ring in 2005 with good intentions and worthy goals my perspective will be broader. Our prayers for tsunami victims and their families remind us that life is fragile. Can I live each day to the fullest and realize how richly I am blessed? I charge into 2005 loving my family, enjoying my colleagues at McElroy, and appreciating our translators and clients. I think I’ll forgo the more specific resolutions.

ACTFL Launches 2005: The Year Of Languages At Annual Conference

December 6, 2004, Alexandria, VA – More than 5300 foreign language educators celebrated the kick-off of 2005: The Year of Languages at the 38th Annual Meeting & Exposition of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, November 19-21 in Chicago, IL.  Addresses from French Ambassador to the U.S. Jean-David Levitte and U.S. Ambassador Michael C. Lemmon, Dean of the School of Language Studies at the Foreign Service Institute, applauded ACTFL’s leadership for taking the initiative to coordinate the year-long campaign to heighten public awareness of the critical importance of language learning.  Keynote speaker Chief Red Hawk, co-founder of the United Indian Nation, Inc., highlighted the role of heritage and indigenous languages in American culture.  More information is available at www.yearoflanguages.org.

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Youth is when you’re allowed to stay up late on New Year’s Eve.  Middle age is when you’re forced to.  ~Bill Vaughn

The object of a new year is not that we should have a new year.  It is that we should have a new soul.  ~G.K. Chesterton

For last year’s words belong to last year’s language
And next year’s words await another voice.
And to make an end is to make a beginning.
~T.S. Eliot, “Little Gidding”

McElroy Profile –
Laurie Marder - Proofreader

RMTC’s newest “which hunter” wasn’t an English major, nor has she always been so seemingly compulsive about clarity, consistency, quality, and accuracy (alliteration, on the other hand...).

Laurie grew up outside of Rochester, NY, and after 2-1/2 years and two colleges, she finally found her “home” on a campus—in the art building. Once there, she lived and breathed art (and plenty of photo chemicals and ceramic dust), but added a healthy dose of music when, with what began as a “harmless” record-reviewing activity at the college radio station, she found herself applying for her FCC license (in the days of vinyl and reel-to-reel!) and hosting her own show. By the time she graduated 2 years later with a bachelor’s degree in studio art, this painfully shy young woman had also been the photo lab manager, art gallery assistant, vice president of the art students association, and the recipient of the “best of senior show” award.

After attending graduate school and studying Historic Preservation in Athens, GA, Laurie moved to Austin 11 years ago in order to work on her master’s thesis concerning restoration and adaptive use of movie theaters built in Texas small towns in 1933-1950.

Long before reading patents and other technical documents at McElroy, she was “reading” old buildings, structures, and landscapes as an architectural historian. More specifically, she conducted building surveys and in-depth historical research, oversaw maintenance and retrofitting of historic buildings, ensured state agency compliance with federal regulations, and explained those federal regulations to engineers, military personnel, and the general public. Laurie did most of the research, writing, and photography for the Camp Mabry National Register Historic District nomination.

Despite having a Shakespeare scholar for a grandfather, Laurie’s habit of reading books about grammar and punctuation for pleasure is a relatively recent development. It developed initially as a source of validation and as a coping mechanism when she found herself immersed in an educational environment in which some of her fellow teaching staff were apathetic about their own and their (native English-speaking) students’ abilities to use standard English.

Laurie’s richly varied background also includes a stint as a proofreader for the Texas Legislative Council. There, proofreaders are trained to catch details and consistency issues that most would consider minutiae. This turned proofreading into a competitive sport and helped drive Laurie’s English-related concerns to the level of compulsion.

Laurie is a non-linear, creative, right-brain thinker with the ability to “see the big picture” and recognize connections and patterns among seemingly disparate entities. She simultaneously manages to have the extraordinary eye for detail required of proofreaders. Her sense of humor is also fine tuned. She recently mentioned having alignment done on her car “so that at least one of us will be moving in a straight line!” That would, of course, be the car, since she is often going in circles, zigzagging, or heading every-which-way at once—steeped in chaos, inside and out! Laurie admits that she is sometimes plagued by indecision, and she believes that proofreading may be appealing to her as a source of consistency within her otherwise chaotic universe. Standard rules of grammar, punctuation, and style are comforting because they are, for the most part, standardized and reliably consistent.

Laurie is truly gifted at what she does. Proofreaders at McElroy do more than check for typos and previously missed omissions; occasionally, because the technical editors are so familiar with their respective areas of expertise, they understand what the translators meant without noticing that what they meant isn’t what they wrote! Usually this is a matter of sentence organization, though sometimes it extends to word choice or even terminology. For the more complex and, to her, esoteric, documents, she likens the proofreading process to working with Lewis Carroll’s “Jabberwocky”—the poem in which one can easily identify the parts of speech, despite the poem consisting entirely of nonsense words.

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TRADOS and McElroy Translation Team Up to Support Global Non-Profit

Trickle Up Receives Joint Donation to Promote Global Entrepreneurship Among the Poorest of the Poor

SUNNYVALE, CA -- (MARKET WIRE) -- 12/14/2004 -- TRADOS Inc., the worldwide leader in globalization solutions, today announced a joint donation with McElroy Translation to the Trickle Up Program, a non-profit committed to helping the lowest income people worldwide through global entrepreneurship. The philanthropic partnership further solidifies the successful relationship between TRADOS and McElroy Translation, a long-time TRADOS customer for more than 10 years and a leader in technical, scientific, and legal document translation services.

The joint donation will provide $1,000 in seed capital to start 10 new “micro-enterprises” in the poorest countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Founded in 1979, the Trickle Up Program (www.trickleup.org) also provides business training and related support services to help the most needy to take the first steps out of poverty through economic and community empowerment. While the donation amount may seem modest by U.S. standards, the $1,000 can be a catalyst for positive change and hope for 10 communities throughout the world. Previously, Trickle Up has enabled:

  • A widow living in poverty in Uganda to open a small shop in her home selling charcoal and food. With her business, she supports her family of 11 children, orphaned by AIDS, as well as covers the cost of their school fees and uniforms. Unable to afford school as a child, she is also taking literacy classes through partner organization Child Restoration Outreach.
  • A Burmese man, who had to leave school to support his three younger sisters after their parents died, to buy the small teashop where he worked for Kyat 320,000 (about US $200). While his sisters help run the teashop—open from 5am to 10pm every day—he doesn’t let them miss any of the schooling he had to give up. The profits from the teashop have enabled him to pay for tuition for all three sisters.
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Country Profile—Switzerland

The People

The Swiss value cleanliness, honesty, hard work, and material possessions. Motto: “Unity, yes; Uniformity, no.” They are very proud of their environment and have a long tradition of freedom. They value sobriety, thrift, tolerance, punctuality and a sense of responsibility. They are very proud of their neutrality and promotion of worldwide peace. The Swiss have a deep-rooted respect for saving and the material wealth it brings.

Meeting and Greeting

  • Shake hands with everyone present—men, women, and children—at business or social meetings. Shake hands again when leaving.
  • Handshakes are firm with eye contact.
  • Allow the hosts to introduce you at parties.
  • Use last names and appropriate titles until specifically invited by your Swiss hosts or colleagues to use their first names. Academic and professional titles are used frequently.
  • First names are reserved for very close friends and family.

Body Language

  • Poor posture is frowned upon. Do not stretch or slouch in public.
  • Do not point your index finger to your head. This is an insult.
  • Body language varies from region to region in Switzerland.

Corporate Culture

  • The Swiss take punctuality for business and social meetings very seriously and expect that you will do likewise. Call with an explanation if you will be delayed.
  • Business cards in English are acceptable. Hand your business card to the receptionist upon arrival for a meeting. Give a card to each person you meet subsequently.
  • Generally, English is spoken in business with foreigners. Inquire beforehand to determine if an interpreter is needed.
  • Business climate is very conservative. Meetings are generally impersonal, brisk, orderly, planned and task oriented.
  • The Swiss tend to get right down to business after a few minutes of general discussion.
  • Presentations and reports should be orderly, well-prepared, thorough and detailed.
  • The Swiss are fair bargainers but not hagglers. Discussions are detailed, cautious, and often pessimistic. Decisions are made methodically.
  • It is not acceptable to call a Swiss businessperson at home unless there is an emergency.

Dining and Entertainment

  • In the German parts of Switzerland, beckon a waiter by saying Herr Ober, and a waitress by saying Fräulein. It is considered rude to wave your hand.
  • Business luncheons are more common than business breakfasts.
  • Business entertainment is almost always done in a restaurant.
  • Spouses are generally included in business dinners.
  • The host proposes the first toast. Don’t drink until after the toast is proposed.
  • Keep your hands on the table at all times during a meal—not in your lap. However, keep your elbows off the table.
  • Cut potatoes, soft foods and salads with a fork, not a knife.
  • Use eating utensils at all times, including to eat fruit.
  • Break bread with your hands if possible. Do not use a knife.
  • If salt and pepper are not on the table, don’t ask for them.
  • Don’t smoke at the dinner table. Wait, watch and ask permission before smoking.
  • Sample everything offered to you. Try to finish everything on your plate when dining in someone’s home. It is impolite to leave food on your plate.
  • When you are finished eating, place knife and fork side by side on the plate at the 5:25 position.
  • Leave a party no later than midnight.
  • It is considered impolite to ask for a tour of your hosts’ home. If your hosts want to give a tour of their home, they will offer.

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McElroy acknowledges the following “client anniversaries” with heartfelt thanks.

15 Years:

Reed Smith Shaw & McClay (previously McAulay Fisher)

Hoffman & Baron

10 Years:

Bell Seltzer Park & Gibson

Compaq (now Hewlett Packard)

Genencor

5 Years:

BASF

Day Casabeer Madrid & Batcheld

Genetech

Tung & Associates

Here’s to your Health – Cheers!

January promotion

If this is the year that you resolve to lose 5 pounds, gain 5 pounds, increase your cardiac endurance, build muscle mass, increase flexibility or just plain sweat regularly this promotion is for you.

This month McElroy is offering a Bally’s annual fitness membership, or the equivalent membership at a fitness center of the winner’s choice. Bally’s is one of the largest, most experienced health club chains in North America with over 400 clubs located in 70 U.S. cities and Toronto and with clubs recently opened in South Korea, China & the Bahamas. Check out www.ballyfitness.com for more information. This membership is valued at $500.

Click here to enter our January raffle.

 

This article by Maurine McLean appeared in the January 2005 “AATIA Letter,” the newsletter of the Austin Area Translators and Interpreters Association.

McElroy Translation is a business member of AATIA and applauds the translators and interpreters who make it such a dynamic group.

For more info about AATIA visit www.aatia.org.

Olympic, Paralympic Interpreter Speaks

Steve Mines shared his recent experience interpreting at the 2004 Olympic and Paralympic Games with AATIA’s Interpreter Special Interest Group meeting December 11.

The official languages of this year’s games were French, English, and Greek, so hiring preference was given to interpreters who had one or several of these as active languages. Relay interpreting was also used when, for example, a Mongolian athlete was asked a question by a German-speaking journalist. Some 200 hired interpreters covered communication needs at hundreds of competitions, press conferences, administrative decisions, and appeals before the Court for the Arbitration of Sport on questions such as athlete eligibility for a given event, as well as sessions of the International Olympic Committee. Interpreters were issued cell phones for last-minute assignments and changes, since the language needs of medal ceremonies could not be predicted with certainty or much advance notice.

The Olympic interpreting experience mimics that of the athletes—there are long waits, furious preparation, and brief flashes of intense performance. Interpreters were supplied reference brochures and terminology glossaries for each sport and had access to websites throughout the grounds to help them acquire background information. However, an interpreter would not likely understand all of nuances and politics behind each sport event, as Mines realized when he found himself assigned to interpret a press conference for an equestrian event that was won by a rider on an Andalusian horse, to the great consternation and even unbridled hostility of the defenders of traditional Hanoverian horsemanship, a group that even included other Olympic interpreters.

Many jobs were in consecutive mode, often with relay interpreting, thus increasing the importance of the accuracy along the communication chain. Steve recounted moments of high emotion, as when he interpreted a press conference for the Brazilian marathoner who lost his lead when attacked near the end of the course by a crazed spectator, causing him to come in third and win bronze. The dramatic, unexpected attack and the athlete’s quick reaction and recovery stole the limelight from the gold and silver medalists, making the Brazilian runner the true Olympian hero of the final day at the Games.

Steve described the Paralympics as having “all of the energy and twice the amazing heroics of the regular Olympic games, as the disabled athletes broke world records and overcame their physical limitations to achieve true feats of greatness.” The most notable contrast was shifting from the spectacle of very young athletes with near perfect bodies to working with athletes of varying ages whose physical disabilities included amputated or congenitally deformed limbs, blindness, and palsy. Competitions were adapted in inventive ways. Steve described a soccer game between blind athletes who play with a ball that makes a sound as it rolls on the ground, so players can run after it and kick and score. All players except the sighted goalies wear eyemasks to equalize their level of visual impairment. Crowds are hushed by the announcers with the cry, “Silence! Ball in play!” For a free kick, the official taps a coin on the edges of the goalposts so that the blind kicker knows where to aim.

When asked if he would accept a similar interpreting assignment again, in the intense heat of an Athens summer, under the pressure of working on so many different vocabularies, in the spotlight of press coverage, and with the far-flung commute from Austin, Mines said, “In a heartbeat!” We hope he’ll be working in Beijing in 2008.

—Maurine McLean

This article describes a very real challenge that our translators face daily. Language is always evolving and rules change. When preparing translations for use outside the U.S. translators must know when techincal terms are more acceptable in English than their foreign language counterparts. Marketing materials which rely heavily on nuance and tone can pose even greater challenges. Translators are challenged to make choices which bridge the gap between protecting native language and evolving with prevalent usage.

From http://www.nytimes.com

December 21, 2004

 

BERLIN JOURNAL

A Snappy Slogan? In German? Don’t Smile. Try English.

By RICHARD BERNSTEIN

BERLIN, Dec. 20 - Not long ago, Lufthansa, the airline, made a bit of news when it changed its slogan from “There’s No Better Way to Fly,” in English, to the German, “Alles für diesen Moment,” or “Everything for This Moment.” What was the German national airline doing with an English slogan aimed at its German clientele in the first place? Who knows really? But whatever it was doing, many companies in Germany have used English, or some mishmash of German and English - the not very beautiful term for this is Denglish, a combination of Deutsch and English - to appeal to their German customers.

Now, as the Lufthansa example illustrates, there are some signs of a reversal, or, at least, the German press has reported on a few other companies reverting to the language that the population of this country actually speaks. The chain of perfume shops called Douglas (a German company, pronounced DOO-glahss) went from “Come in and find out,” to “Douglas macht das Leben schöner,” or “Douglas makes life more beautiful.” Similarly, German McDonald’s switched from its previous slogan, “Every time a good time” to “Ich liebe es,” German for “I love it.” Certainly, McDonald’s could have used its current English motto, “I’m lovin’ it,” here, and everybody would have understood. But lest you think that there is a paradigm shift going on, McDonald’s competitor, Burger King, went the other way, from the German “Weil’s besser schmeckt,” “Because It Tastes Better,” to “Feel the Fire,” in English.

In fact, the news here in the land of Goethe, Schiller and Thomas Mann is that Denglish is on the march, and, as always, there are people who find it amusing and others sort of tragic. A private company in Hanover, Satelliten Media Design, in conjunction with Hanover University, keeps track of one key aspect of the entire mixed language phenomenon, annually tabulating the 100 words most used in German advertising. In the 1980’s, only one English word made the list. The word, a bit improbably, was “fit.” By 2004, there were 23 English words on the chart. The first four words are still German - wir (meaning we), Sie (you), mehr (more) and Leben (life). In fifth place is the English “your,” followed farther down the list by world, life, business, with, power, people, better, more, solutions and 13 more.

The situation seems to be similar pretty much everywhere in Europe and in many other parts of the world as well. And everywhere there are those who care deeply about protecting the native language and others who feel that languages have always borrowed from one another. And, anyway, what, in a democracy, can you really do about it? The Nazis tried to invent more German-sounding words to replace the many Latin-root words that had crept into German over the centuries. Nobody seems to be complaining today that interesting is “interessant” in German, as it is in French, or that floor is “etage,” and that when audiences clap, they “applaudieren.” Regarding Denglish, it’s not hard to see the appeal of English, its ability to provide a kind of quick verbal punch, compared with the polysyllabic nature of German. That’s probably why, on the cover of the newsmagazine Focus, the health headline was about your “Herz-check,” your heart checkup, the standard German word for check being the more dilatory “Untersuchung.” Deutsche Telekom, the phone company, used to use the phrases “German calls” and “City calls” in itemizing phone bills, though these days, apparently in consideration of those people in this country who prefer their bills in Goethe’s language, it uses the terms Deutschlandverbindungen and Cityverbindungen.

There are mysteries in this, not least of them why that’s Cityverbindungen rather than the more purely German Ortsverbindungen. But this is not a subject where rigor and consistency prevail. Why does the popular Chinese restaurant on Berlin’s Kantstrasse call itself Good Friends, rather than Gute Freunde? Why, in an opposite sort of example, do the posters for “Phantom of the Opera” call it “Das Phantom der Oper,” when, in this particular instance, everybody would understand the original English? Who knows really, but one can guess. In the subway station at Savignyplatz in the old West Berlin, there’s a poster advertising a nearby shop for “Tattoos and Piercing.” The German word for tattoo is Tätowierung. There is a word for piercing, “Hautstechen,” but nobody uses it. Maybe the store owners thought that clients would find German a bit staid and formal for those particular services. The truth seems to be that English is hipper and quicker in general. Almost all pop music is in English, whether sung on the radio or by the high school rock band practicing in the garage.

At the other end of the culture, English is the everyday language of the European Union. If you bump into somebody at the supermarket cashier, it’s a lot quicker and easier to say “Sorry” (pronounced with a guttural “r”) than “Entschuldigung,” with its four syllables (though, of course, many Germans do say “Entschuldigung”). Still, for many Germans, it seems a lot simpler and maybe more cheerful to say “Happy Birthday,” than “Herzlichen Glückwunsch zum Geburtstag,” which sounds a bit like a streak of Hegelian metaphysics. Or, if you are promoting a retail bonus points program, would you call it HappyDigits, or would you, in the interests of linguistic authenticity, invent a German term, maybe “Fröhliche Zahlen?” Doesn’t seem quite as catchy. But how to explain the Denglish verbs? Smalltalken, brunchen, mailen, floppen, managen, abcoolen and many others? These are not used to save syllables or avoid complexity. They are simply in vogue, whether for better or worse. For the verbs, linguistic globalization, or, if you prefer, linguistic imperialism, seems the only explanation.

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ACTFL Launches 2005: The Year Of Languages At Annual Conference

(continued)

This initiative is intended to emphasize and celebrate the benefits and value of language learning!  Educators across the country recognize that there has never been a better time to focus public attention on the personal, professional and cultural benefits of gaining proficiency in English as well as other languages.  ACTFL and other organizations will coordinate a comprehensive schedule of events and activities at the national, regional, state and local levels. 

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TRADOS and McElroy Translation Team Up to Support Global Non-Profit

(continued)

  • A mother in Honduras to fund her tortilla business at home, enabling her to support her family and pay the school fees to keep her four children away from the street-gang culture which exists in Tegucigalpa. She has formed a savings cooperative with 10 other local Trickle Up grant recipients to increase their group savings and organize community fundraising activities.

“As a translation service provider, we’ve always been about bridging language and cultural differences,” explained Shelly Orr Priebe, general manager of McElroy Translation. “We’re happy to share our success by helping those in most need around the world to bridge economic and social gaps and to become self-sufficient, contributing members of the global economy.”

Founded in 1968, Austin, Texas-based McElroy Translation has its roots as a small family business, growing to become a success story in the translation and localization services industry. As the industry evolved, TRADOS has helped McElroy to stay on top of the competition by enabling the company to reach new heights in efficiency and speed without sacrificing the company’s reputation as a premium quality service provider.

Extending that successful relationship, McElroy Translation is currently assessing how TRADOS TeamWorks, an industry-first localization process management solution, can combine with its proprietary workflow system ELJOTS® to cut project cycle times and localization costs as well as to increase collaboration and efficiency—thereby driving customer satisfaction and operating margins.

“We’re thrilled that McElroy approached us with this opportunity to team up with them for such a great cause,” added Mike Kidd, vice president of sales for TRADOS. “Of course, we’re proud to be able to contribute to the mission of Trickle Up, but to be able to partner in a common interest with such a loyal and long-standing customer like McElroy makes it even more special.”

About McElroy Translation

McElroy Translation Company has provided technical, scientific, and legal document translation services to and from all languages for 36 years. From historical roots in Austin, Texas, as a family business, McElroy Translation has emerged as an industry leader in translation and localization that enjoys high-profile visibility and a reputation for excellence. Please visit www.mcelroytranslation.com for more information.

About TRADOS

The worldwide leader in globalization software and services, TRADOS empowers multinational organizations to speed the delivery and improve the quality of multilingual content to global markets. Through software that captures, stores, analyzes, standardizes, and reuses chunks of previously localized content, TRADOS has enabled 3,500 corporations—including Microsoft, IBM, Deutsche Bank, Wal-Mart, Sony, John Deere, and others—to reduce costs and drive greater revenues with a more efficient and accurate globalization process. More translators, localization service providers, and companies use TRADOS products than all competing products combined. Headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, TRADOS has offices worldwide. Please visit www.trados.com for more information.

About Trickle Up

Founded in 1979, the Trickle Up Program’s mission is to help the lowest income people worldwide take the first step up out of poverty, by providing conditional seed capital and business training essential to the launch of a microenterprise. This proven social and economic empowerment model is implemented in partnership with local agencies.

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See how McElroy is giving back. Commitment to clients and compassion for the human community at large are born of the same philosophy.

McElroy Profile – Laurie Marder - Proofreader

(continued)

Despite how seriously she takes her work with words, photography is still her first love, feeling most at home either behind the camera or in front of PhotoShop. She has hundreds of strong photographs, primarily of musicians, patiently awaiting exposure. She usually volunteers for South-by-Southwest (SXSW) where the scope of her interest has expanded beyond music to include a fascination with film, thanks to three “movie extra” experiences, the first of which was in her own backyard—literally!

On a more personal note, Laurie has been an ethical vegetarian for 15 years (she likes cheese far too much to go vegan), lives with her three beloved kitties, and is an unmarried “law school widow” to her punk-rock drummer/history-fanatic/special-ed teacher-turned-1L boyfriend. Her mother, now a Brit-by-marriage, met her Manx husband on-line 3+ years ago and has been living on the Isle of Man ever since. Although Laurie has never been overseas, let alone to the Isle of Man, she hopes this will be the year she finally puts her own passport to use!

What is next for Laurie? Assuming that she isn’t going to be a professional proofreader forever (or even for the rest of her natural life), and barring paying photography gigs or sneaking back into historic preservation, a master’s degree in educational psychology may be her next pursuit.

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Ever wonder what happens when you send a job to us? Take a walk with a typical job through McElroy’s workflow process.

Country Profile Switzerland

(continued)

Dress

  • Appearance should always be clean and neat. The Swiss are known for conservative and neat attire.
  • Overly casual or sloppy attire is not appreciated.
  • For business meetings, men should wear suits and ties; women should wear suits or dresses.

Gifts

  • Gifts are normally not exchanged at business meetings, but small gifts may be appropriate at the successful conclusion of negotiations.
  • Be prepared to give a gift in case you are given one. A gift with your company logo is acceptable.
  • Give books, desk attire, whisky, cognac, good bourbon, or wine. Do not give anything sharp.
  • When invited to someone’s home, always bring a small gift for the hostess and a small gift for children.
  • Give candy (good quality), pralines, flowers (unwrap before presenting, odd number), pastries.
  • Do not bring large or expensive gifts. This is considered vulgar and makes receiver uncomfortable.
  • Don’t give red roses or carnations (these imply romance). White chrysanthemums and white asters are for funerals only.
  • It is polite to send flowers to the hostess before a large party or the next day with a thank you note.

Helpful Hints

  • Be punctual.
  • Show great respect for elderly.
  • Don’t litter (you will be scolded publicly).
  • Don’t chew gum or clean your fingernails in public.
  • Refrain from putting your hands in your pockets while talking with people.
  • Never put your feet on a desk, chair or table.

Especially for Women

  • More women are becoming more and more involved in business and public life in Switzerland, though the banking and finance industries continue to be dominated by men.
  • Foreign businesswomen will be treated fairly and professionally in Switzerland.
  • Many Swiss businessmen would be embarrassed if a foreign businesswoman invited them to dinner. Swiss men are very conservative and still expect to pay for a meal. If possible, a foreign businesswoman should invite a Swiss businessman to lunch rather than dinner.

-- Excerpted from the “Put Your Best Foot Forward” series by Mary Murray Bosrock. These publications are available for the U.S., Asia, Mexico/Canada, Russia, Europe and South America.

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